What Causes Turf Toe? continued... When you are walking or running, you start each subsequent step by raising your heel and letting your body weight come forward onto the ball of your foot. At a certain point you propel yourself forward by "pushing off" of your big toe and allowing your weight to shift to the other foot. If the toe for some reason stays flat on the ground and doesn't lift to push off, you run the risk of suddenly injuring the area around the joint. Or if you are tackled or fall forward and the toe stays flat, the effect is the same as if you were sitting and bending your big toe back by hand beyond its normal limit, causing hyperextension of the toe. That hyperextension can -- either over time or, if forceful enough, all at once -- cause a sprain in the ligaments that surround the joint.
Typically with turf toe, the injury is sudden. Its most commonly is seen in athletes playing on artificial surfaces, which are harder than grass surfaces and to which cleats are more likely to stick. It can also happen on a grass surface, especially if the shoe being worn doesn't provide adequate support for the foot. Often the injury occurs in athletes wearing flexible soccer-style shoes that let the foot bend too far forward.
How Is Turf Toe Treated? The basic approach to treating turf toe is to give the injury ample time to heal, which means the foot will need to be rested. The doctor may recommend an over-the-counter oral medication such as ibuprofen to control pain and reduce inflammation. The big toe may be taped or strapped to the toe next to it to relieve the stress on it; the toe may be immobilized by putting the foot in a cast or special walking boot that keeps it from moving. The doctor may also ask you to use crutches so that no weight is placed on the injured joint.
It typically takes two to three weeks for the pain to subside. After the immobilization of the joint ends, some patients require physical therapy in order to re-establish range of motion, strength, and conditioning of the injured toe.
Can Turf Toe Be Prevented? One goal of treatment should be to evaluate why the injury occurred and to take steps to keep it from reoccurring.
What Are the Symptoms of Turf Toe? The most common symptom of turf toe is pain at the base of one big toe that started suddenly as a result of an injury. There may also be swelling. Sometimes when the injury occurs, a "pop" can be felt. Usually the entire joint is involved, and toe movement is limited.
How Is Turf Toe Diagnosed? To diagnose turf toe, the doctor will ask you to explain as much as you can about how you injured your foot and may ask you about your occupation, your participation in sports, the type of shoes you wear, and your history of foot problems. The doctor will then examine your foot, noting the pattern and location of any swelling and comparing the injured foot to the uninjured one. The doctor will likely ask for an X-ray to rule out other types of injury such as a fracture. In certain circumstances, the doctor may ask for other imaging tests such as a bone scan, CT scan, or MRI.
The diagnosis will then be made based on the results of the physical examination and imaging tests.
One way to prevent turf toe is to wear shoes with better support to help keep the toe joint from over bending. You may also want to consider using specially designed inserts that your doctor can prescribe for you.
A physical therapist or a specialist in sports medicine can also work with you on correcting any problems in your gait that can lead to injury and on developing training techniques to help reduce the chance of injury.