After skimming over the 4th amendment and related cases--it seems that the 4th amendment only applies to criminal cases, and not civil cases--at least in this context.
Actually, the type of case we're discussing here is known as "suspicionless drug testing." In this line of cases, the drug testing is "imposed by law and enforced by state officials, [and] effects a search within the meaning of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments."
Chandler v. Miller,117 S. Ct. 1295 (1997). Thus, any drug test is a search per se as defined by the Fourth Amendment.
Id. Once the Court finds a search it then must determine if such a search was reasonable balanced against the right to privacy of the individual being tested.
So far the US Supreme Court has only carved two 'special needs" exceptions in which a suspicionless drug test is not unconstitutional (federal employees whose jobs involve public safety and school athletes).
See Skinner v. Railway Labor Exec. Ass'n, 489 U.S. 602, 627 (1989) ("[T]he expectations of privacy of covered employees are diminished by reason of their participation in an industry that is regulated pervasively to ensure safety."). "41
See National Treas.Emp. Union v. Von Raab, 489 U.S. 656, 672 (1989) ("We think Customs employees who are directly involved in the interdiction of illegal drugs or who are required to carry firearms in the line of duty likewise have a diminished expectation of privacy.").
See Vernonia Sch. Dist. 47J v. Acton, 515 U.S. 646, 657 (1995) ("There is an additional respect in which school athletes have a reduced expectation of privacy. By choosing to 'go out for the team,' they voluntarily subject themselves to a degree of regulation even higher than that imposed on students generally.").
On the other hand, the Supreme Court found a Georgia statute requiring "candidates for designated state offices to certify that they have taken a drug test and that the test result was negative" unconstitutional.
See Chandler v. Miller,117 S. Ct. 1295 (1997).
So unless, or until, the Court carves a new "special needs" exception into their "suspicionless drug testing" line of cases, what the state of Florida is doing is unconstitutional. Here's a copy of the complaint filed by Luis Lebron, in the US District Court for the Middle District of Florida. against David Wilkins, the Secretary of Florida's Dept. of Childrens & Families.
http://www.scribd.co...en-amp-Families