I couldn't figure out enchanting when I first started playing and didn't figure it out until I was about level 25.
Any enchanted item you find in your travels (ex: a Steel sword with a fire enchantment), just take it to an enchanting table and disenchant it, then you get that fire enchantment to use on your own weapons. You'll find a lot of armor with enchantments too.
Then once you figure out that, all you need are soul gems to enchant things. Petty is the weakest, and Grand/Black are the strongest. The stronger the soul gem, the more times you can use that enchanted item before it loses enchantment. If it loses enchantment, just recharge it with any soul gems in your inventory (enchanting table not needed to recharge)